60-Second Civics: Episode 302, Philadelphia Convention, Part 32: Great Compromise In this episode, we learn that opposition to the Great Compromise led to a crisis at the Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 301, Philadelphia Convention, Part 31: Great Compromise Today, we look at the gains and losses on both sides in the Great Compromise.
60-Second Civics: Episode 300, Philadelphia Convention, Part 30: Great Compromise Today, we examine the first steps taken toward the Great Compromise at the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 299, Philadelphia Convention, Part 29: New Jersey Plan Today, we discuss the delegates' plan to save the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 298, Philadelphia Convention, Part 28: New Jersey Plan On the podcast today, we learn how the rejection of the New Jersey Plan threatened the Constitutional Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 297, Philadelphia Convention, Part 27: New Jersey Plan On today's podcast, we learn how the New Jersey Plan was meant to reform the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 294, Philadelphia Convention, Part 24: Crisis over representation On today's episode, we explore the crisis over representation at the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 293, Philadelphia Convention, Part 23: Virginia Plan On the podcast today, we examine the preference of some delegates at the Philadelphia Convention for equal representation of the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 291, Philadelphia Convention, Part 21: Virginia Plan On today's podcast, we learn about the Virginia Plan's proposal to create a two-house Congress.
60-Second Civics: Episode 289, Philadelphia Convention, Part 19: Virginia Plan Today on the podcast we examine the national legislature under the Virgina Plan.
60-Second Civics: Episode 287, Philadelphia Convention, Part 17: Virginia Plan On today's podcast, we learn about the strength of the national government under the Virginia Plan.
60-Second Civics: Episode 286, Philadelphia Convention, Part 16: Madison and the Virginia Plan Today we are introduced to James Madison's proposal for government: the Virginia Plan.
60-Second Civics: Episode 285, Philadelphia Convention, Part 15: Committees On today's episode, we explain the four key committees of the Constitutional Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 284, Philadelphia Convention, Part 14: Secrecy Today we learn why the Framers wanted to keep the proceedings of the Philadelphia Convention secret.
60-Second Civics: Episode 283, Philadelphia Convention, Part 13: Civil discourse On today's episode, we explain the importance of civil discourse during the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 282, Philadelphia Convention, Part 12: Rules of debate, continued Today we discuss four key rules of the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 281, Philadelphia Convention, Part 11: Rules of debate On the podcast today, we discuss three of the rules adopted for the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 280, Philadelphia Convention, Part 10: Rhode Island Today we learn why Rhode Island refused to send delegates to the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 279, Philadelphia Convention, Part 9: Missing Founders On today's episode, we learn about some of the important Founders who did not attend the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 278, Philadelphia Convention, Part 8: Morris, Randolph, Sherman Today we discuss Gouverneur Morris, Edmund Randolph, and Roger Sherman and their roles at the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 277, Philadelphia Convention, Part 7: Franklin, Hamilton, and Wilson On today's episode, we discuss Benjamin Franklin's, Alexander Hamilton's, and James Wilson's participation in the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 276, Philadelphia Convention, Part 6: James Madison's role On the podcast today, we examine James Madison's role in the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 275, Philadelphia Convention, Part 5: George Washington's role Today on the podcast: George Washington and the Constitutional Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 274, Philadelphia Convention, Part 4: Max Farrand on the Framers On today's episode, we discuss Max Farrand's statement about the Framers.
60-Second Civics: Episode 273, Philadelphia Convention, Part 3: Demographics of the Framers Today we continue our discussion of the Framers of the Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 267, Attempts to reform the Articles of Confederation, Part 3 On the podcast today, we learn about the failure of the Annapolis convention and calls for a new convention to amend the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 266, Attempts to reform the Articles of Confederation, Part 2 On today's podcast, we discuss demands for a constitutional convention caused by the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 265, Attempts to reform the Articles of Confederation, Part 1 Today we discuss attempts to solve the problems of the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 264, Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, Part 4 On today's 60-Second Civics: majority tyranny in post-Revolutionary America.
60-Second Civics: Episode 263, Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, Part 3 On the podcast today: localists versus cosmopolitans in post-Revolutionary America.
60-Second Civics: Episode 262, Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, Part 2 Today we examine how the national government was unable to protect loyalists from the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 261, Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, Part 1 On today's podcast, we discuss weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 259, Achievements of the Articles of Confederation, Part 1 Today we delve into constitutional history by examining the achievements of the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 258, Civil rights since the mid-twentieth century, Part 5: Equal Rights Amendment On the podcast today: the Equal Rights Amendment.
60-Second Civics: Episode 256, Civil rights since the mid-twentieth century, Part 3: American Indian Movement Today we examine the American Indian Movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 254, Civil rights since the mid-twentieth century, Part 1 On today's episode, we discuss how the movement for civil rights has changed since the mid-twentieth century.
60-Second Civics: Episode 251, Civil rights activists, Part 6: Septima Clark On today's episode, we discuss Septima Clark, known as the "Queen Mother of the American Civil Rights Movement."
60-Second Civics: Episode 248, Civil rights activists, Part 3: John Lewis On today's episode, we discuss the contributions of Congressman John Lewis to the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 246, Civil rights activists, Part 1: Fred Shuttlesworth Today we discuss the life of Fred Shuttlesworth, a leading figure of the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 245, Bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church On today's episode, we learn about the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in 1963.
60-Second Civics: Episode 243, Role of the church in the civil rights movement, Part 2 On today's podcast, we examine the role of the African American church during the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 242, Role of the church in the civil rights movement, Part 1 On today's podcast, we examine the role of the African American church in the years leading up to the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 241, Role of the courts, Part 2: Enforcing Brown v. Board of Education Today we discuss difficulties with enforcing the Brown v. Board of Education decision.
60-Second Civics: Episode 238, Practitioners of nonviolence: Thoreau, Gandhi, and King Today we learn how some of the most famous practitioners of nonviolence influenced each other.
60-Second Civics: Episode 237, Six principles of nonviolence, Principle 6: The universe is on the side of justice On the podcast today, we discuss Martin Luther King Jr.'s sixth principle of nonviolence that the universe is on the side of justice.
60-Second Civics: Episode 236, Six principles of nonviolence, Principle 5: Love, not hate Today we discuss the Martin Luther King Jr.'s fifth principle of nonviolence: that nonviolence chooses love instead of hate.
60-Second Civics: Episode 235, Six principles of nonviolence, Principle 4: Nonviolence educates and reforms On the podcast today, we discuss Martin Luther King Jr.'s fourth principle of nonviolence: that nonviolence educates and reforms.
60-Second Civics: Episode 234, Six principles of nonviolence, Principle 3: Defeat injustice, not people Today we discuss Martin Luther King Jr.'s third principle of nonviolence: that nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice, not people.
60-Second Civics: Episode 233, Six principles of nonviolence, Principle 2: Nonviolence seeks reconciliation Today we discuss Martin Luther King Jr.'s second principle of nonviolence: nonviolence seeks reconciliation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 232, Six principles of nonviolence, Principle 1: Nonviolence requires courage On today's episode, we begin our discussion of Martin Luther King Jr.'s six principles of nonviolence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 228, Civil rights movement, Part 7 On today's episode, we discuss the importance of nonviolence in the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 226, Civil rights movement, Part 5 Today we discuss how the increase in racially motivated violence in the 1950s prompted federal intervention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 225, Civil rights movement, Part 4 On today's episode, we discuss how racial segregation and discrimination was deeply entrenched in American life in the 1950s.
60-Second Civics: Episode 224, Civil rights movement, Part 3 Today we discuss two types of segregation that contributed to racial polarization in the United States.
60-Second Civics: Episode 223, Civil rights movement, Part 2 On today's podcast, we discuss the effect of the Civil War Amendments on the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 222, Civil rights movement, Part 1 Today we begin our celebration of Black History Month with the first in a series of episodes devoted to the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 221, Articles of Confederation, Part 8 On the podcast today, we discuss the solutions to states' concerns about the national government's power that paved the way for adopting the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 219, Articles of Confederation, Part 6 On today's episode, we discuss the powers kept by the states under the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 218, Articles of Confederation, Part 5 Today we discuss how the Articles of Confederation created a ???firm league of friendship" among the states instead of a strong central government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 217, Articles of Confederation, Part 4 Today we discuss how the Continental Congress avoided a strong central government when they adopted the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 216, Articles of Confederation, Part 3 Today we discuss the colonists' fear of a strong government and how it affected the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 215, Articles of Confederation, Part 2 On today's episode, we examine the roles of Benjamin Franklin and Richard Henry Lee in bringing about the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 206, Massachusetts constitution, Part 3 On today's podcast, we discuss the representation of various economic classes in the Massachusetts constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 202, Legislative supremacy, Part 4 On the podcast today, we discuss examples of legislative supremacy in state constitutions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 198, Right to vote in early America Today we discuss representation and the right to vote in early American state constitutions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 197, State constitutions: social contract and popular sovereignty On today's episode we explore the ideas of social contract and popular sovereignty in state constitutions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 196, State constitutions: higher law and natural rights Today we discuss higher law and natural rights in state constitutions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 193, State governments after the Declaration, Part 1 Today we begin our discussion of state governments after the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 192, Declaration of Independence, Part 6 On today's episode, we discuss the idea of the right to revolution in the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 190, Declaration of Independence, Part 4 Today we discuss the concepts of human equality and government by consent in the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 189, Declaration of Independence, Part 3 On today's podcast, we discuss natural rights philosophy as a foundational idea of the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 188, Declaration of Independence, Part 2 Today we discuss the philosophical underpinnings of the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 187, Declaration of Independence, Part 1 On today's podcast, we discuss the Founders' reasons for issuing a formal declaration of independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 174, Introduction to the Declaration of Independence discussion Over the next weeks, we will describe the circumstances that produced the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 173, Colonial legislatures versus Parliament Today we discuss differences between colonial American legislatures and the British Parliament.
60-Second Civics: Episode 172, Property requirement for voting On today's podcast, we discuss the property requirement for voting in the American colonies.
60-Second Civics: Episode 171, Colonial governors and courts On the podcast today, we discuss the roles of governors and the courts in colonial governments.
60-Second Civics: Episode 169, Representative government in the colonies On today's episode, we discuss representative government and voting in the American colonies.
60-Second Civics: Episode 168, Fundamental rights and the rule of law Today we we explore fundamental rights and the rule of law as aspects of colonial constitutions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 161, Rights denied in colonial America Today we begin our discussion of the people who did not enjoy the rights expressed in colonial documents
60-Second Civics: Episode 160, Rights denied in colonial America Today we begin our discussion of the people who did not enjoy the rights expressed in colonial documents
60-Second Civics: Episode 153, English practices in America Today we discuss we discuss how some English practices that protected the landed aristocracy in Great Britain did not survive in the colonies.
60-Second Civics: Episode 148, American colonies On the podcast today, we begin our discussion of how basic ideas of constitutional government were developed and used in the American colonies.
60-Second Civics: Episode 139, The British constitution: Foundational documents Today we identify the three historical documents important in the development of the British constitution and the rights of the British people.
60-Second Civics: Episode 134, Magna Carta, Part 4 On today's episode, we discuss how the Magna Carta contained the principle of the supremacy of the law.
60-Second Civics: Episode 125, English Parliament, Part 3 Today we discuss how Parliament proved to be effective for both the
English king and his subjects.
60-Second Civics: Episode 120, British origins of American constitutionalism In today's episode, we begin our discussion of the British origins of American constitutionalism.
60-Second Civics: Episode 117, The Enlightenment, Part 2 On the podcast today, we continue our discussion of the Enlightenment
and discuss philosopher Francis Bacon.
60-Second Civics: Episode 109, The Reformation, Part 4 In today's episode, we learn about how the Reformation contributed to the development of modern individualism.
60-Second Civics: Episode 108, The Reformation, Part 3 Today we look at how the invention of the printing press aided the Reformation and encouraged freedom of conscience.
60-Second Civics: Episode 106, The Reformation, Part 1 Today we begin our examination of the Protestant Reformation and its
contribution to ideas about rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 105, The Rennaisance, Part 2 On the podcast today, we continue our discussion of the Renaissance
and its contributions to ideas about rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 103, Medieval and classical republican similarities In today's podcast, we explore the similarities between medieval and
classical republican ideas about society and government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 99, The Church in the Middle Ages On today's podcast: how the Church came to be a powerful force in
Europe during the Middle Ages.
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This site is brought to you by the Center for Civic Education. The Center's mission is to promote an enlightened and responsible citizenry committed to democratic principles and actively engaged in the practice of democracy. The Center has reached more than 30 million students and their teachers since 1965. Learn more.