60-Second Civics: Episode 2217, Amendments and judicial review, Part 1: Amending the Constitution The Framers wanted the Constitution to be difficult to amend, but not sacrosanct.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2216, The Federalists, Part 14: The robust political scene of the Founding era Political operatives in the Founding era weren't above using unsavory tactics.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2213, The Federalists, Part 11: The lack of a bill of rights On today's podcast, Alexander Hamilton's arguments against a bill of rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2212, The Federalists, Part 10: The branches of government protect basic rights Do the three branches of government protect our basic rights? The Federalists thought so.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2211, The Federalists, Part 9: The Constitution promotes republicanism The Federalists argued that the rights and welfare of everyone is protected by the unamended Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2210, The Federalists, Part 8: State legislatures and civic virtue In the early years of the American republic, state legislatures sometimes favored creditors over debtors. The Founders saw this as a betrayal of the ideals of the Revolution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2209, The Federalists, Part 7: Civic virtue is not reliable Is civic virtue enough to ensure good government? Not according to the Federalists.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2208, The Federalists, Part 6: Federalist 10 and republican government James Madison devised powerful arguments supporting the idea that a republic could be successful in the United States. Learn about some of these arguments on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2206, The Federalists, Part 4: How can republican government survive? The Federalists needed to counter the claim that republican government could not survive in America. They sent in their pinch hitter: James Madison.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2205, The Federalists, Part 3: A new science of politics The Federalists argued that the Constitution represented a "new science of politics" that made Anti-Federalist critiques obsolete.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2204, The Federalists, Part 2: The Federalist Today we discuss one of the most important sources of information about the Constitution: A series of essays known as The Federalist.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2203, The Federalists, Part 1: The Federalists organize Today we kick off our series on the Federalists, who supported ratification of the Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2202, The Anti-Federalists, Part 16: Concern about rights Today on the podcast, the Anti-Federalists argue that the lack of a bill of rights is a serious flaw in the Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2201, The Anti-Federalists, Part 15: The Anti-Federalists warn against tyranny Are the general welfare and necessary and proper clauses dangerous? The Anti-Federalists thought so.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2200, The Anti-Federalists, Part 14: The lack of a bill of rights Most states already had bills of rights. So why not the Constitution?
60-Second Civics: Episode 2199, The Anti-Federalists, Part 13: Robert Yates and Patrick Henry Why did Robert Yates and Patrick Henry object to the Constitution? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2198, The Anti-Federalists, Part 12: Senate accountability and mixed powers The Anti-Federalists had a lot of problems with the Constitution, even with the system of checks and balances.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2197, The Anti-Federalists, Part 11: Executive and judicial power The Anti-Federalists believed that the executive and judicial branches would have too much power under the proposed Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2196, The Anti-Federalists, Part 10: The potential for tyranny The Anti-Federalists argued that the Constitution contained the potential for tyranny.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2195, The Anti-Federalists, Part 9: Civic virtue rather than a strong national government The Anti-Federalists believed that civic virtue rather than a strong national government was the best solution to America's problems.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2194, The Anti-Federalists, Part 8: A distant government Anti-Federalists argued that a distant national government would require a standing army and taxation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2193, The Anti-Federalists, Part 7: Anti-Federalist arguments against a strong national government Today we learn some Anti-Federalists against a strong national government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2192, The Anti-Federalists, Part 6: The effect of Anti-Federalist opinion George Washington wrote that Anti-Federalist opposition to the Constitution might not ultimately be such a bad thing for the country.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2191, The Anti-Federalists, Part 5: Reasoned discourse The Federalists and Anti-Federalists sought to use reasoned discourse to persuade the citizenry.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2190, The Anti-Federalists, Part 3: The ratification debates begin Who were the Anti-Federalists? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2189, The Anti-Federalists, Part 3: The ratification debates begin Today on the podcast, the ratification debates begin with a speech by Benjamin Franklin. George Mason leaves and refuses to sign the Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2188, The Anti-Federalists, Part 2: Ratification by the people The ratification of the Constitution was consistent with John Locke's social contract theory.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2187, The Anti-Federalists, Part 1: A plan to ratify the Constitution The Framers of the Constitution went around state legislatures to get the Constitution ratified.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2185, Federalism, Part 12: Restricting suffrage to landowners Gouverneur Morris suggested that suffrage should be limited to landowners. This caused an uproar.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2184, Federalism, Part 11: National citizenship The Framers of the Constitution never defined citizenship, but left it up to the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2183, Federalism, Part 10: Slavery and commerce The delegates to the Philadelphia Convention had to compromise in order to get the authority to regulate commerce among the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2182, Federalism, Part 9: Compromises on slavery The Framers of the Constitution had to make many compromises on the issue of slavery. Today we learn some of them.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2181, Federalism, Part 8: Slavery and the states The words "slave" and "slavery" never appeared in the Constitution, perhaps because the Framers were ashamed of it.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2180, Federalism, Part 7: A history of protecting individual rights The Framers saw the need to limit state power. Find out how on today's episode.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2179, Federalism, Part 6: Limitations on state power The Framers saw the need to limit state power. Find out how on today's episode.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2178, Federalism, Part 5: The Constitution protects political independence. How does the Constitution protect political independence? We find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2177, Federalism, Part 4: More protections of rights in the Constitution The Framers of the Constitution tried hard to protect individuals from a powerful national government. Learn how on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2176, Federalism, Part 3: Habeas corpus, ex post facto laws, and bills of attainder Do you know what an ex post facto law is? What about a bill of attainder? They are prohibited by the Constitution. Learn more on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2175, Federalism, Part 2: Some powers of the federal government What authority does the national government have over the states? We find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2174, Federalism, Part 1: Concerns about abuses by state governments The Framers were concerned about states restricting individual freedom, so they gave the federal government some power of the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2173, The Three Branches of Government, Part 18: Impeachment and judicial review Today we learn about two important checks on government: impeachment and judicial review.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2172, The Three Branches of Government, Part 17: Appointments, treaties, and warmaking powers How do checks and balances work? Today we provide some examples.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2171, The Three Branches of Government, Part 16: Checks and balances On today's podcast we learn about checks and balances and take a close look at the president's veto power.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2170, The Three Branches of Government, Part 14: How should federal judges be selected? How should federal judges be selected? We find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2169, The Three Branches of Government, Part 13: Reasons to separate the judicial branch Why is the judicial branch independent of the president and Congress? We find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2166, The Three Branches of Government, Part 11: The Electoral College explained Today on the podcast, we explain the Electoral College.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2165, The Three Branches of Government, Part 10: Why not direct popular election? Why didn't most Framers of the Constitution want the people to elect the president directly?
60-Second Civics: Episode 2164, The Three Branches of Government, Part 9: How should the president be selected? Deciding how the president should be selected was a tricky matter for the delegates to the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2163, The Three Branches of Government, Part 8: How long should a president remain in office? How long should a president remain in office? The Framers' original proposal was for one seven-year term.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2162, The Three Branches of Government, Part 7: Should there be more than one chief executive? How many chief executives should there be? Learn the arguments for and against a plural executive on today's episode.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2161, The Three Branches of Government, Part 6: An energetic executive The Framers of the Constitution thought that the executive should have "energy." We learn why on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2160, The Three Branches of Government, Part 5: Broad versus enumerated powers How broad should be the powers of Congress? The Virginia and New Jersey plans proposed different visions of legislative power.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2159, The Three Branches of Government, Part 4: Enumerated powers Should Congress be able to make any laws it wants to? The Framers didn't think so.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2158, The Three Branches of Government, Part 3: A deliberative body The Framers of the Constitution wanted Congress to thoroughly debate issues and avoid corruption.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2157, The Three Branches of Government, Part 2: Checks and balances Their experiences with British royal governors led Americans to create weak executives, but this would have a cost.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2156, The Three Branches of Government, Part 1: The corruption of Parliament by the Crown Since ancient times, philosophers have argued that governments must do three things: make, execute, and judge laws.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2155, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 19: The debate over representation in the expanding republic The delegates to the Philadelphia Convention recognized that the United States would expand, and planned accordingly.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2154, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 18: The Northern position on proportional representation Northern delegates to the Philadelphia convention were opposed to counting slaves for purposes of representation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2153, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 17: The Southern position on proportional representation Should enslaved people be counted as persons for determining representation? This was hotly debated at the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2152, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 16: What does proportional representation mean? The Great Compromise was only the first step in settling the issue of proportional representation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2151, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 15: The Great Compromise saves the convention The Great Compromise passed by a single vote. Each side have to give up something to make the compromise work.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2150, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 14: The Great Compromise The Great Compromise finally broke the impasse at the Philadelphia Convention over representation in Congress.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2149, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 13: Equal representation in the Senate Today on 60-Second Civics, a vote on equal representation in the Senate results in a deadlocked convention. But there was a way out.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2148, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 12: Defeat of the New Jersey Plan The New Jersey Plan was defeated at the Philadelphia Convention. This meant the Virginia Plan became the basis for discussion at the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2146, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 10: The debate over proportional representation Proportional representation was the most controversial part of the Virginia Plan. Find out why on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2145, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 9: Proportional representation in the Virginia Plan What was the most controversial element of the Virginia Plan? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2144, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 8: More features of the Virginia Plan Some features of the Virginia Plan might strike you as being unusual. Find out on today's 60-Second Civics.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2143, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 7: Representation in the Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan proposed proportional representation and a government with three branches.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2142, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 6: James Madison's Virginia Plan Today on 60-Second Civics: James Madison's Virginia plan proposes a strong national government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2141, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 5: Laying the groundwork The Framers established rules for the Philadelphia Convention right away. One of them was secrecy.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2139, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 3: Benjamin Franklin and Gouverneur Morris Benjamin Franklin and Gouverneur Morris made important contributions to the Philadelphia Convention.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2138, The Philadelphia Convention, Part 2: Washington and Madison Today we learn about two important Framers: George Washington and James Madison.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2136, The first national government, Part 6: The aftermath of Shays' Rebellion Shays' Rebellion and the popular reaction to it gave Congress an extra incentive to reform the Articles of Confederation.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2135, The first national government, Part 5: Shays' Rebellion Angry farmers led by Daniel Shays led an armed rebellion in Massachusetts. Find out why on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2134, The first national government, Part 4: Economic trouble in the early republic Hard economic times afflict the United States after the American Revolution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2133, The first national government, Part 3: Achievements under the Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation had its weaknesses, but the government under the Articles also had significant achievements.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2132, The first national government, Part 2: Government under the Articles of Confederation Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress could not raise taxes directly. Each state had one vote, regardless of population.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2131, The first national government, Part 1: The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation established a weak national government with very limited powers.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2130, State constitutions, Part 7: The Massachusetts Constitution of 1780 What was one of John Adams' greatest contributions to American constitutionalism? Find out on today's episode.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2129, State constitutions, Part 6: Rights protected in state declarations of rights Most states had their own declarations or bills of rights. These were designed to protect the rights of the people.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2128, State constitutions, Part 6: The Virginia Declaration of Rights The Virginia Declaration of Rights served as a model for our Bill of Rights. Learn about this fascinating document on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2127, State constitutions, Part 5: State declarations of rights States were keen to protect the rights of citizens. Most states therefore had bills or declarations of rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2126, State constitutions, Part 4: The judicial branch of early state governments The states created their own judicial branches, but made sure not to give them too much power.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2125, State constitutions, Part 3: Constitutional government in the states On today's podcast, we learn more principles of government the states incorporated into their constitutions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2124, State constitutions, Part 2: Natural rights and republicanism State governments adopted ideas from natural rights and republicanism in their constitutions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2123, State constitutions, Part 1: State governments The newly independent Americans needed a national government, but how would they go about creating one that respected their rights?
60-Second Civics: Episode 2122, The Declaration of Independence, Part 15: Loyalists The Loyalists thought that rebellion against the king went too far. They paid a steep price for their views.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2121, The Declaration of Independence, Part 14: Right to revolution Did the colonies have the right to revolution against George III? The colonists thought so.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2120, The Declaration of Independence, Part 13: Complaints against King George III What were some of the complaints the colonists had against King George III? We find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2119, The Declaration of Independence, Part 12: Human equality and government by consent Today on the podcast we discuss human equality and government by consent.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2118, The Declaration of Independence, Part 11: The Declaration and natural rights philosophy Today we learn about natural rights philosophy and the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2117, The Declaration of Independence, Part 10: The three parts of the Declaration On today's podcast, we learn about the three parts of the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2116, The Declaration of Independence, Part 9: The Second Continental Congress Today we learn about the Second Continental Congress at the start of the war.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2115, The Declaration of Independence, Part 8: A state of rebellion On today's podcast, the king declares the colonies to be in a state of rebellion and a committee is appointed to write the Declaration of Independence.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2114, The Declaration of Independence, Part 7: Lexington and Concord Today on the podcast we learn about the start of the Revolutionary War.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2113, The Declaration of Independence, Part 6: The First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress met in 1774 and took steps that would anger the British government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2112, The Declaration of Independence, Part 5: The Boston Tea Party The Tea Act led directly to the an incident known as the Boston Tea Party, a prelude to the American Revolution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2111, The Declaration of Independence, Part 4: The Boston Massacre Who represented the soldiers during the trial for the Boston Massacre? The answer may surprise you.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2110, The Declaration of Independence, Part 3: Stamp Act Congress and the Daughters of Liberty On today's podcast, we learn about the Stamp Act Congress, the Declaratory Act, and the Daughters of Liberty.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2109, The Declaration of Independence, Part 2: Resistance to increasing British control. Unpopular taxes like the Stamp Act spawned popular resistance in the colonies.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2108, The Declaration of Independence, Part 1: No taxation without representation As the British tightened their control over the colonies, the colonists grew resentful of British control.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2107, Republican government, Part 5: Cincinnatus, a model of civic virtue Who was Cincinnatus? The American Founders thought all American should emulate him.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2106, Republican government, Part 4: Common good and civic virtue The main purpose of government, according to the Founders, is to promote the common good.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2105, Republican government, Part 3: The advantages of republican government Today we discuss the advantages of republican government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2104, Republican government, Part 2: Direct democracy and republican government What sort of government did the Roman Republic have? We find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2103, Republican government, Part 1: The Roman Republic The American Founders saw the Roman Republic as both an example and a warning.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2102, Why do people need a government? Part 5: Human equality Do people naturally have equal political rights? John Locke thought so.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2101, Why do people need a government? Part 4: Limited government According to John Locke, the people own their government and can terminate it when it does not guard their interests.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2100, Why do people need a government? Part 3: Individual rights and popular sovereignty Learn how natural rights philosophy informed the Founders' conceptions of individual rights and sovereignty on today's episode.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2099, Why do people need a government? Part 2: John Locke and the state of nature Today we are introduced to the natural rights philosophy of John Locke.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2098, Why do people need a government? Part 1: Life, liberty, and property The Founders believed that all people had the right to life, liberty, and property.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2097, Life in the American colonies, Part 6: The British increase control As the British increased their control of the 13 colonies, discontent grew among the colonists.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2096, Life in the American colonies, Part 5: A land of opportunity, for some Many Americans in the colonies were prosperous, but not everyone was treated equally.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2095, Life in the American colonies, Part 4: The Southern Colonies Although most Americans in the thirteen colonies were self-sufficient, others exploited the labor of enslaved people.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2094, Life in the American colonies, Part 3: New England and the Middle Colonies Learn about colonial life in New England and the Middle Colonies on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2093, Life in the American colonies, Part 2: The diverse American colonies The diversity of the thirteen colonies created a society that was different from that of Europe.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2092, Life in the American colonies, Part 1: The American colonies in 1770 The British colonies in North America were a growing, vibrant place in the 1770s. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2091, We the People, Lesson 30, Part 6: Why you should participate in government Our republic requires the participation of it citizens in order to function.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2090, We the People, Lesson 30, Part 5: Social and political action Today we learn about two ways that citizens can address community problems.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2087, We the People, Lesson 30, Part 2: Civic participation Civic participation very important to American democracy.Learn how you can get involved on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2086, We the People, Lesson 29, Part 7: The rights and responsibilities of citizens Citizenship has been called the highest office of government. But what does this mean?
60-Second Civics: Episode 2085, We the People, Lesson 29, Part 6: Civil disobedience What did Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr have in common? We find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2084, We the People, Lesson 29, Part 5: Responsibilities of citizens Sure, citizens have rights, but what are their responsibilities? We find out on today's 60-Second Civics.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2083, We the People, Lesson 29, Part 4: Economic rights Today we learn about economic rights and are reminded of situation in which rights can be limited.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2082, We the People, Lesson 29, Part 3: Personal and political rights On today's 60-Second Civics, we explore personal and political rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2081, We the People, Lesson 29, Part 2: U.S. citizenship What's the difference between a U.S. citizens and a legal permanent resident? How do you become a citizen? We find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2080, We the People, Lesson 29, Part 1: What it means to be a citizen What does it mean to you to be a citizen? Today we discuss the meaning of American citizenship.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2079, We the People, Lesson 28, Part 7: The ideal of self-government spreads to the world How have American ideas about self-government spread to the world? Find out on today's 60-Second Civics.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2078, We the People, Lesson 28, Part 6: What the Founders learned from other countries Today on the podcast, we discover what America's Founders learned from other countries.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2077, We the People, Lesson 28, Part 5: Contributions of the United States to the world In today's podcast we spell out some of the America's most important democratic principles.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2075, We the People, Lesson 28, Part 3: International organizations Governments aren't the only organized bodies that operate regionally or internationally.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2074, We the People, Lesson 28, Part 2: How nations interact Today on the podcast, we explore how countries interact with each other.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2073, We the People, Lesson 28, Part 1: The nation-state and international law How much do you know about international law? Expand your knowledge with today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2072, We the People, Lesson 27, Part 2: Problems of due process Due process means that government must protect both the public and the individual accused of breaking the law.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2071, We the People, Lesson 27, Part 1: Due process of law Today we learn about due process of law. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2070, We the People, Lesson 26, Part 5: The civil rights movement The years 1963-64 were exciting years for the civil rights movement. Find out why on today's episode.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2069, We the People, Lesson 26, Part 4: The civil rights movement Brown v. Board of Education was a turning point in the fight against discrimination, but the struggle against inequality had just begun.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2068, We the People, Lesson 26, Part 3: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Today we learn why the Supreme Court separate but equal laws to be unconstitutional. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2067, We the People, Lesson 26, Part 2: Plessy v. Ferguson On today's podcast, we learn about the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2066, We the People, Lesson 26, Part 1: The Fourteenth Amendment The equal protection clause was meant to protect African Americans against discrimination. It didn't work out that way. On today's episode, we learn why. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2065, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 8: Voting rights today Responsible voting is essential to democracy. Today we discuss what citizens must do in order to vote. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2064, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 7: Eighteen-year-olds gain the right to vote Today on 60-Second Civics we learn how 18-year-olds gained the right to vote. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2063, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 6: Native Americans and voting rights The Indian Citizenship Act made it easy for Native Americans to vote, right? Well, not exactly. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2062, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 5: Women and the right to vote How long did it take for women to gain the right to vote? Too long. Learn about the long struggle on today's podcast. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2061, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 4: The long road to voting rights People of all ethnicities worked together to change unfair voting laws: it wasn't until the 1960s that full voting rights for African Americans were achieved. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2060, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 3: Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes Laws passed after the Civil War made it easier for African American men to vote, but some states passed laws to stop them. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2059, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 2: The Civil War Amendments Today on 60-Second Civics, we learn about the Civil War Amendments. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2058, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 1: Expanding the right to vote The right to vote was limited to white men who owned property in the early republic, but change came in fits and starts. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2057, We the People, Lesson 24, Part 5: How the courts decide establishment of religion cases How do the courts decide whether a law violates the establishment clause? We find out on today's 60-Second Civics.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2056, We the People, Lesson 24, Part 4: Can government limit the way you practice your religion? The government can't tell you what to believe, but it can limit certain religious practices. Find out more on today's 60-Second Civics. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2055, We the People, Lesson 24, Part 3: Conflicts over freedom of religion Americans generally agree that freedom of religion is an important right, but that doesn't mean the issue is without controversy. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2054, We the People, Lesson 24, Part 2: Protecting religious freedom Religious freedom wasn't always protected in America. Learn more on today's podcast. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2053, We the People, Lesson 24, Part 1: The establishment and free exercise clauses Do you know what the establishment and free exercise clauses are? Find out on today's podcast. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2052, We the People, Lesson 23, Part 5: Limits on free expression Does free expression have its limits? The courts think so. Learn more on today's podcast. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2051, We the People, Lesson 23, Part 4: Tinker v. Des Moines Is Tinker v. Des Moines still relevant? Listen to today's podcast and decide for yourself. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2050, We the People, Lesson 23, Part 3: Freedom of expression: Representative democracy and peaceful change Today on 60-Second Civics: how freedom of expression helps maintain representative democracy and promotes peaceful change. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2049, We the People, Lesson 23, Part 2: Freedom of expression: human development, dignity, and development On today's episode, we discuss several benefits of freedom of expression. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2048, We the People, Lesson 23, Part 1: Freedom of expression Today we learn about freedom of expression. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2047, We the People, Lesson 22, Part 5: How justices decide cases How do today's justices decide Supreme Court cases? Well, it's complicated. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2046, We the People, Lesson 22, Part 4: Fundamental principles and modernist methods of constitutional interpretation Today on the podcast: the fundamental principles and modernist methods of constitutional interpretation. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2045, We the People, Lesson 22, Part 3: The original intent method of constitutional interpretation On today's 60-Second Civics, we learn about the "original intent" method of constitutional interpretation. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2044, We the People, Lesson 22, Part 2: The plain meaning of constitutional interpretation What four methods of constitutional interpretation are used today? We find out on today's podcast. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2043, We the People, Lesson 22, Part 1: Introduction to interpreting the Constitution Today we learn why it is so hard to interpret the Constitution. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2042, We the People, Lesson 21, Part 4: Marbury v. Madison explained John Marshall argued that Congress overstepped its bounds, and it was the job of the Supreme Court to strike down acts of Congress that violate the Constitution. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2041, We the People, Lesson 21, Part 3: Introduction to Marbury v. Madison How did the Supreme Court establish its power of judicial review? We find out on today's episode. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2040, We the People, Lesson 21, Part 2: Judicial review and state laws What is the supremacy clause? Can state laws trump the Constitution? We find out on today's 60-Second Civics. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2039, We the People, Lesson 21, Part 1: Judicial review Who decides what the words of the Constitution mean? We find out on today's podcast. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2038, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 10: Political parties today Political parties aren't necessarily a bad thing. On today's podcast, we learn what political parties do for the nation. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2037, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 9: The Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson called it the "revolution of 1800." Learn why on today's 60-Second Civics. This episode originally aired in 2013.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2036, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 8: The Alien and Sedition Acts In an time of heated partisan bickering, the John Adams administration passed the Alien and Sedition Acts. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2035, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 7: American neutrality; Republican anger John Jay negotiates an unpopular treaty, and Washington advises neutrality. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2034, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 6: War polarizes the new nation A time of war divides the new nation. This episode originally aired in 2013.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2033, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 5: A national bank Alexander Hamilton wanted a national bank to issue paper money. It was a controversial idea. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2032, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 4: The challenge of creating a strong economy The first Secretary of the Treasury had an ambitious agenda. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2031, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 3: The birth of political parties in the United States Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton had very different views on the role of government. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2030, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 2: Hamilton and Jefferson Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson clashed over the role of government in American life. Does this sound familiar? This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2029, We the People, Lesson 20, Part 1: The rise of political parties On today's podcast, we learn how political parties began in the United States. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2028, We the People, Lesson 19, Part 5: An overview of the Bill of Rights On today's podcast, we provide a brief overview of the Bill of Rights. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2027, We the People, Lesson 19, Part 4: The compromise that produced the Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights was the result of a compromise between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Learn more on today's podcast. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2026, We the People, Lesson 19, Part 3: The establishment of the judicial branch How was the judicial branch of American government organized? Find out on today's 60-Second Civics. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2025, We the People, Lesson 19, Part 2: The first cabinet Thomas Jefferson, Henry Knox, and Alexander Hamilton formed George Washington's first cabinet.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2024, We the People, Lesson 19, Part 1: George Washington elected president Today we learn the story behind the election of George Washington as the nation's first president.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2023, We the People, Lesson 18, Part 8: A powerful argument against the Constitution The Anti-Federalists had a powerful argument against the proposed constitution: It did not contain a bill of rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2022, We the People, Lesson 18, Part 7: Would the Constitution guard against tyranny? Would the Constitution guard against tyranny? The Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagreed. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2021, We the People, Lesson 18, Part 6: Would the Constitution provide republican government? On today's episode, the debate over whether the Constitution would provide for republican government.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2020, We the People, Lesson 18, Part 5: Debating the power of the national government On today's podcast, the Anti-Federalists and Federalists square off over the proposed constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2019, We the People, Lesson 18, Part 4: The Anti-Federalists On today's 60-Second Civics, we learn about the Anti-Federalists. This episode originally aired in 2013.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2018, We the People, Lesson 18, Part 3: The Federalists What do Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay all have in common? Find out on today's podcast. This episode originally aired in 2013.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2017, We the People, Lesson 18, Part 2: Madison's plan for ratification James Madison's plan for ratification of the Constitution relied on idea of a social contract. This episode originally aired in 2013.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2016, We the People, Lesson 18, Part 1: Approving the Constitution How do you get a nation to approve a new Constitution? James Madison had the answer.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2015, We the People, Lesson 17, Part 8: The relationship between the federal and state governments Today, the federal government is very powerful. Nevertheless, most laws that effect us directly are state and local laws.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2014, We the People, Lesson 17, Part 7: The supremacy clause Today on 60-Second civics we explain the supremacy clause. This episode originally aired in 2013.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2013, We the People, Lesson 17, Part 6: Powers denied to the federal and state governments Today's podcast is all about limits on the power of the federal and state governments. This episode originally aired in 2013.
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This site is brought to you by the Center for Civic Education. The Center's mission is to promote an enlightened and responsible citizenry committed to democratic principles and actively engaged in the practice of democracy. The Center has reached more than 30 million students and their teachers since 1965. Learn more.
