60-Second Civics: Episode 2542, The Twelfth Amendment The Constitution originally gave the vice presidency to the second-place finisher in a presidential election.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2523, More amendments Did you know that a Supreme Court decision once barred Congress from levying an income tax? It was overturned by the sixteenth amendment.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2522, Fundamental changes The Civil War Amendments and amendments that increased direct participation by citizens fundamentally changed the Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2521, The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights was proposed with 12 amendments; only 10 survived to become the Bill of Rights. One of the 12 became the Twenty-seventh Amendment.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2520, Twenty-seven amendments More than 11,000 amendments to the Constitution have been formally proposed, but only 27 have been adopted.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2519, How to amend the Constitution Amendments to the Constitution must be ratified either by state legislatures or special state conventions.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2244, Political parties, Part 11: Tied presidential election The Twelfth Amendment ended a problem with the Constitution and created an ongoing role for political parties in the American system.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2233, Amendments and judicial review, Part 17: Justice John Gibson's arguments against judicial review Justice John Gibson created some powerful arguments against judicial review.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2232, Amendments and judicial review, Part 16: Arguments against judicial review Judicial review wasn't accepted by everyone. President Andrew Jackson even threatened not to enforce Supreme Court decisions he disagreed with.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2231, Amendments and judicial review, Part 15: The Judiciary Act of 1789 Article III of the Constitution only outlines the national judiciary; Congress had to fill in the details.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2230, Amendments and judicial review, Part 14: Marshall's arguments What were John Marshall's arguments in favor of judicial review? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2229, Amendments and judicial review, Part 13: Judicial review Who has the final say about the meaning of the Constitution? Find out on today's episode.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2228, Amendments and judicial review, Part 12: Marbury v. Madison Does the Supreme Court have the authority to declare laws unconstitutional? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2227, Amendments and judicial review, Part 11: James Madison's other proposals James Madison had many ideas for improving the Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2226, Amendments and judicial review, Part 10: Prominent supporters of a bill of rights Jefferson, Washington, and Madison all supported a bill of rights. Ten of the amendments proposed by Madison were later adopted as the Bill of Rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2225, Amendments and judicial review, Part 9: Unsuccessful arguments for a bill of rights George Mason and others argued that a bill of rights be added to the Constitution. They did not gain enough support for the idea during the Philadelphia Convention, but their idea would eventually triumph.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2223, Amendments and judicial review, Part 7: The Constitution amended On today's podcast, amendments to the Constitution affecting the president and Congress.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2222, Amendments and judicial review, Part 6: Fundamental changes Today we learn about some important constitutional amendments that go to the core of our constitutional system.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2220, Amendments and judicial review, Part 4: Madison and the Bill of Rights Which Framer of the Constitution pushed the Bill of Rights through Congress? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2219, Amendments and judicial review, Part 3: How the Constitution has been amended Most proposed amendments fail to be approved by Congress before being sent to the states. Learn about some of these on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2217, Amendments and judicial review, Part 1: Amending the Constitution The Framers wanted the Constitution to be difficult to amend, but not sacrosanct.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2066, We the People, Lesson 26, Part 1: The Fourteenth Amendment The equal protection clause was meant to protect African Americans against discrimination. It didn't work out that way. On today's episode, we learn why. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 2059, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 2: The Civil War Amendments Today on 60-Second Civics, we learn about the Civil War Amendments. This episode originally aired in 2014.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1951, We the People, Lesson 9, Part 1: A citizen militia Today: Paul Revere and the Second Amendment. This episode originally aired in 2013.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1879, Political parties, Part 11: Tied presidential election The Twelfth Amendment ended a problem with the Constitution and created an ongoing role for political parties in the American system.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1868, Amendments and judicial review, Part 17: Justice John Gibson's arguments against judicial review Justice John Gibson created some powerful arguments against judicial review.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1867, Amendments and judicial review, Part 16: Arguments against judicial review Judicial review wasn't accepted by everyone. President Andrew Jackson even threatened not to enforce Supreme Court decisions he disagreed with.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1866, Amendments and judicial review, Part 15: The Judiciary Act of 1789 Article III of the Constitution only outlines the national judiciary; Congress had to fill in the details.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1865, Amendments and judicial review, Part 14: Marshall's arguments What were John Marshall's arguments in favor of judicial review? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1864, Amendments and judicial review, Part 13: Judicial review Who has the final say about the meaning of the Constitution? Find out on today's episode.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1863, Amendments and judicial review, Part 12: Marbury v. Madison Does the Supreme Court have the authority to declare laws unconstitutional? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1862, Amendments and judicial review, Part 11: James Madison's other proposals James Madison had many ideas for improving the Constitution.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1861, Amendments and judicial review, Part 10: Prominent supporters of a bill of rights Jefferson, Washington, and Madison all supported a bill of rights. Ten of the amendments proposed by Madison were later adopted as the Bill of Rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1860, Amendments and judicial review, Part 9: Unsuccessful arguments for a bill of rights George Mason and others argued that a bill of rights be added to the Constitution. They did not gain enough support for the idea during the Philadelphia Convention, but their idea would eventually triumph.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1858, Amendments and judicial review, Part 7: The Constitution amended On today's podcast, amendments to the Constitution affecting the president and Congress.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1857, Amendments and judicial review, Part 6: Fundamental changes Today we learn about some important constitutional amendments that go to the core of our constitutional system.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1855, Amendments and judicial review, Part 4: Madison and the Bill of Rights Which Framer of the Constitution pushed the Bill of Rights through Congress? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1854, Amendments and judicial review, Part 3: How the Constitution has been amended Most proposed amendments fail to be approved by Congress before being sent to the states. Learn about some of these on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1852, Amendments and judicial review, Part 1: Amending the Constitution The Framers wanted the Constitution to be difficult to amend, but not sacrosanct.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1701, We the People, Lesson 26, Part 1: The Fourteenth Amendment The equal protection clause was meant to protect African Americans against discrimination. It didn't work out that way. On today's episode, we learn why.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1694, We the People, Lesson 25, Part 2: The Civil War Amendments Today on 60-Second Civics, we learn about the Civil War Amendments.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1450, Civil Rights, Part 26: Laws forbidding discrimination against women Today we discuss laws that accomplished some of the goals of the Equal Rights Amendment. This episode originally aired in November 2013.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1449, Civil Rights, Part 25: The Equal Rights Amendment On today's episode, we discuss the Equal Rights Amendment. This episode originally aired in November 2011.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1424, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 19: Voting and women Although woman suffragists had long been supporters of the anti-slavery cause, they were denied the right to vote in the Fourteenth Amendment.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1423, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 17: Self-reliance Rutherford B. Hayes refused to enforce the Civil War Amendments. This led to the birth of the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1422, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 16: The Civil Rights of 1875 was held to be unconstitutional and President Rutherford B. Hayes appointed a former Confederate to his cabinet. Clearly, the Reconstruction era was over.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1421, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 15: The Supreme Court had an opportunity in 1873 to extend the protections of the federal Bill of Rights to the states. It decided not to.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1420, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 14: Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses Southern states after the Civil War devised many methods for preventing African Americans from voting.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1419, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 13: The Fifteenth Amendment The Fifteenth Amendment was intended to protect the rights of African Americans to vote. It worked, for a while.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1418, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 12: Passage of the Fourteenth Amendment It wasn't easy to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. Even the president was against it.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1417, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 11: Due process and equal protection The due process and equal protection clauses are considered by many scholars to be the most important clauses in the Constitution. Find out why on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1416, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 9: Moral and political motivations After the Civil War, Republicans had both moral and political reasons to support the civil rights of African Americans.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1415, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 9: Moral and political motivations After the Civil War, Republicans had both moral and political reasons to support the civil rights of African Americans.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1414, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 8: When Union troops left the South, a reign of terror began. And Congress could not stop it.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1413, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 7: Threats and intimidation In southern states after the Civil War, African Americans were systematically denied basic civil rights. Vigilante groups engaged in campaigns of terror against African Americans.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1412, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 6: Black Codes What were the Black Codes? Find out on today's podcast.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1411, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 5: Challenges to civil rights On today's podcast, we learn about economic interests that worked against the expansion of civil rights for African Americans after the Civil War.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1410, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 4: Unfair treatment after the Civil War Today we learn how some northern states granted increasing rights to African Americans. In the South, the situation was quite different.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1409, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 3: The Civil War Amendments On today's podcast we learn about the Civil War Amendments and why they were not effective.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1408, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 2: Reconstruction Today we discuss the political landscape of the United States during Reconstruction.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1407, Amendments to Protect the Rights of African Americans, Part 1: Political parties before the Civil War Today we learn about the origins of the Democratic and Republican parties.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1391, Creating the Bill of Rights, Part 7: The Bill of Rights is adopted On December 15, 1791, the Bill of Rights was finally ratified by the states. It wasn't until the Fourteenth Amendment that citizens would be protected by the Constitution against violation of their rights by state governments.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1389, Creating the Bill of Rights, Part 5: Madison's concerns about state governments Madison was concerned about state governments violating individual rights. So, he included several amendments that protected these rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1387, Creating the Bill of Rights, Part 3: Drafting the Bill of Rights The amendments James Madison considered for the Bill of Rights either (1) placed limitations on the power of the federal government or (2) protected individual rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1386, Creating the Bill of Rights, Part 2: James Madison and the Bill of Rights James Madison faced a big task: sorting through almost two hundred proposed amendments to create the Bill of Rights.
60-Second Civics: Episode 1294, The history of rights, Part 9: The First Amendment and the right to know The public has a right to know how the government is doing its job, but even that right has limits.
60-Second Civics: Episode 891, Civil Rights, Part 26: Laws forbidding discrimination against women Today we discuss laws that accomplished some of the goals of the Equal Rights Amendment.
60-Second Civics: Episode 838, Citizenship, Part 25: Citizenship cannot be taken away Today we discuss how the Eighth Amendment prohibits the government from stripping a person of their citizenship as a form of punishment.
60-Second Civics: Episode 827, Citizenship, Part 14: The Fourteenth Amendment defines citizenship On today's episode, we examine how the Fourteenth Amendment defines national citizenship.
60-Second Civics: Episode 813, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 24: The Supreme Court and capital punishment Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 24: The Supreme Court and capital punishment
60-Second Civics: Episode 812, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 23: Capital punishment Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 23: Capital punishment
60-Second Civics: Episode 811, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 22: No cruel and unusual punishments Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 22: No cruel and unusual punishments
60-Second Civics: Episode 810, Episode 810: Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 21: Prohibition of excessive fines Episode 810: Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 21: Prohibition of excessive fines
60-Second Civics: Episode 808, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 19: Jury composition On today's episode, we examine the requirement for unanimous verdicts.
60-Second Civics: Episode 807, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 18: Jury size Today we learn whether juries are required in all criminal cases and whether juries must be composed of 12 people.
60-Second Civics: Episode 806, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 17: Right to trial by an impartial jury Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 17: Right to trial by an impartial jury
60-Second Civics: Episode 805, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 16: Right to counsel, right to confront Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 16: Right to counsel, right to confront
60-Second Civics: Episode 804, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 15: Responding to pretrial publicity Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 15: Responding to pretrial publicity
60-Second Civics: Episode 802, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 13: Public trial vs. a fair trial Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 13: Public trial vs. a fair trial
60-Second Civics: Episode 801, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 12: Right to a speedy and public trial Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 12: Right to a speedy and public trial
60-Second Civics: Episode 799, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 10: Adversary and inquisitorial systems of justice Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 10: Adversary and inquisitorial systems of justice
60-Second Civics: Episode 798, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 9: Right to counsel Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 9: Right to counsel
60-Second Civics: Episode 796, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 7: State indictment procedures Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 7: State indictment procedures
60-Second Civics: Episode 793, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 4: The importance of the pretrial period Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 4: The importance of the pretrial period
60-Second Civics: Episode 792, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 3: Procedural rights Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 3: Procedural rights
60-Second Civics: Episode 791, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 2: Protecting the innocent Today we discuss how the procedural rules of the Bill of Rights protect the innocent.
60-Second Civics: Episode 790, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments, Part 1: Introduction On today's episode, we introduce our series on the Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments.
60-Second Civics: Episode 789, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 19: Dickerson v. United States Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 19: Dickerson v. United States
60-Second Civics: Episode 788, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 18: Miranda v. Arizona On the podcast today, we look at the 1966 Supreme Court case, Miranda v. Arizona.
60-Second Civics: Episode 787, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 17: Limits of self-incrimination protections On the podcast today, we learn that the Fifth Amendment is a personal right and what this fact means.
60-Second Civics: Episode 786, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 16: Self-incrimination's history Today we learn about the Fifth Amendment's limitation of the government's power to obtain incriminating statements.
60-Second Civics: Episode 785, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 15: Right against self-incrimination On the podcast today, we learn about the right against self-incrimination and use immunity.
60-Second Civics: Episode 784, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 14: When warrants are not required Today we learn about when warrants are not required.
60-Second Civics: Episode 783, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 13: Alternatives to the exclusionary rule On today's podcast, we learn about other ways to check the abuse of power by law enforcement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 782, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 12: Exceptions to exclusionary rule requirements Today we learn about the Supreme Court's modifications to the exclusionary rule.
60-Second Civics: Episode 781, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 11: The exclusionary rule extended to states On today's episode, we discuss how the exclusionary rule has been extended to the states.
60-Second Civics: Episode 779, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 9: When warrants are not required On the podcast today, we discuss time when law enforcement officers are not required to obtain a warrant?
60-Second Civics: Episode 778, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 8: Warrants and probable cause Today we discuss the Fourth Amendment's requirement for police to obtain a warrant.
60-Second Civics: Episode 776, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 6: Tyranny and unreasonable search and seizure On today's podcast, we discuss Justice Robert Jackson's observation about unreasonable searches and seizures.
60-Second Civics: Episode 775, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 5: Description of the Fourth Amendment Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 5: Description of the Fourth Amendment
60-Second Civics: Episode 774, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 4: General warrants and the American Revolution Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 4: General warrants and the American Revolution
60-Second Civics: Episode 773, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 3: General warrants in the American colonies Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 3: General warrants in the American colonies
60-Second Civics: Episode 772, Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 2: Warrants and general warrants Fourth and Fifth Amendments, Part 2: Warrants and general warrants
60-Second Civics: Episode 686, Federalism, Part 16: State constitutional amendments Today we examine how states have recently responded to the debate over same-sex marriage.
60-Second Civics: Episode 685, Federalism, Part 15: State constitutions and amendments On today's episode, we discuss state constitutions and efforts to amend them.
60-Second Civics: Episode 404, The Twenty-second and Twenty-fifth Amendments In today's podcast, we discuss issues of the presidency that the Framers had not anticipated.
60-Second Civics: Episode 403, The Twelfth and Twentieth Amendments Today's podcast addresses matters affecting Congress that the Framers did not anticipate.
60-Second Civics: Episode 400, The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments Today, our 400th episode! Learn about the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.
60-Second Civics: Episode 258, Civil rights since the mid-twentieth century, Part 5: Equal Rights Amendment On the podcast today: the Equal Rights Amendment.
60-Second Civics: Episode 223, Civil rights movement, Part 2 On today's podcast, we discuss the effect of the Civil War Amendments on the civil rights movement.
60-Second Civics: Episode 49, State constitutional amendments Today we learn about state constitutional amendments.
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This site is brought to you by the Center for Civic Education. The Center's mission is to promote an enlightened and responsible citizenry committed to democratic principles and actively engaged in the practice of democracy. The Center has reached more than 30 million students and their teachers since 1965. Learn more.
